严重：调度程序初始化失败无法加载配置

我正在开发Struts 2应用程序，毕竟我得到以下错误。

SEVERE: Dispatcher initialization failed Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/home/sachith/SourceCodeGroupCW/.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.wst.server.core/tmp0/wtpwebapps/PcArcade/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.3.16.jar!/struts-default.xml:69:87 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:70) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:445) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:489) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.initDispatcher(InitOperations.java:74) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.init(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:57) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.initFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:281) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:262) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:107) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:4775) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5452) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1559) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1549) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:724) Caused by: Unable to load bean: type: class:org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerThemeTemplateLoader - bean - jar:file:/home/sachith/SourceCodeGroupCW/.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.wst.server.core/tmp0/wtpwebapps/PcArcade/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.3.16.jar!/struts-default.xml:69:87 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:245) at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.register(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:102) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:234) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:67) ... 17 more Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: freemarker/cache/TemplateLoader at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method) at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:788) at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:142) at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.findClassInternal(WebappClassLoader.java:2918) at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.findClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1174) at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1669) at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1547) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ClassLoaderUtil.loadClass(ClassLoaderUtil.java:144) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:216) ... 20 more Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: freemarker.cache.TemplateLoader at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1702) at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1547) ... 29 more Dec 11, 2013 1:25:28 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext filterStart SEVERE: Exception starting filter struts2 Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/home/sachith/SourceCodeGroupCW/.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.wst.server.core/tmp0/wtpwebapps/PcArcade/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.3.16.jar!/struts-default.xml:69:87 at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:501) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.initDispatcher(InitOperations.java:74) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.init(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:57) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.initFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:281) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:262) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:107) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:4775) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5452) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1559) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1549) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:724) Caused by: Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/home/sachith/SourceCodeGroupCW/.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.wst.server.core/tmp0/wtpwebapps/PcArcade/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.3.16.jar!/struts-default.xml:69:87 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:70) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:445) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:489) ... 15 more Caused by: Unable to load bean: type: class:org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerThemeTemplateLoader - bean - jar:file:/home/sachith/SourceCodeGroupCW/.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.wst.server.core/tmp0/wtpwebapps/PcArcade/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.3.16.jar!/struts-default.xml:69:87 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:245) at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.register(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:102) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:234) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:67) ... 17 more Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: freemarker/cache/TemplateLoader at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method) at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:788) at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:142) at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.findClassInternal(WebappClassLoader.java:2918) at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.findClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1174) at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1669) at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1547) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ClassLoaderUtil.loadClass(ClassLoaderUtil.java:144) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:216) ... 20 more Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: freemarker.cache.TemplateLoader at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1702) at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1547) ... 29 more Dec 11, 2013 1:25:28 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext startInternal SEVERE: Error filterStart Dec 11, 2013 1:25:28 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext startInternal SEVERE: Context [/PcArcade] startup failed due to previous errors Dec 11, 2013 1:25:28 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"] Dec 11, 2013 1:25:28 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8009"] Dec 11, 2013 1:25:28 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start INFO: Server startup in 4877 ms 

我甚至不能想到为什么会这样？ 我的其他文件如下，

动作文件

 public class PcArcadeAction { public String execute() { String success="success"; return success; } } 

web.xml中

   PcArcade   struts2  org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter    struts2 /*   default.jsp   

我在struts.xml中收到错误，它说公共标识符必须以单引号或双引号字符开头

这是我的文件夹结构：

Answer 1

正如例外明确指出的那样，

引起：java.lang.ClassNotFoundException：freemarker.cache.TemplateLoader

这只是一些丢失的jar子（在这种情况下是freemarker）的简单案例。

如果这是你第一次制作struts应用程序，我建议你从空白的struts战争开始。 它是一个简单的deployabe war文件，其中包含成功部署和运行struts2项目所需的所有基本jar和资源/文件。

这是war文件的直接链接 。

Answer 2

看起来像freemarker jar丢失了。 这应该纠正当前的问题。 如果缺少其他依赖JAR，那么在此之后您将会遇到其他一些例外情况。

Answer 3

您只需要检查是否添加了所有必需的.jar文件。 这些都在你必须添加的jar下面：在你的lib中维护以下版本的jar。 我想你不会遇到任何问题

ANTLR-2.7.6.jar

公地的BeanUtils-1.7.0.jar

公地集合-3.2.jar

公地digester.jar

公地文件上传-1.2.2.jar

公地IO-2.4.jar

公地郎1.2.jar

共享记录-1.1.jar

freemarker的-2.3.16.jar

Javassist进行-3.7.ga.jar

OGNL-3.0.jar

Struts2的核心 – 2.2.3.jar

XWork的核心 – 2.2.1.jar