使用CompletableFuture处理Java 8供应商exception

请考虑以下代码 –

public class TestCompletableFuture { BiConsumer biConsumer = (x,y) -> { System.out.println(x); System.out.println(y); }; public static void main(String args[]) { TestCompletableFuture testF = new TestCompletableFuture(); testF.start(); } public void start() { Supplier numberSupplier = new Supplier() { @Override public Integer get() { return SupplyNumbers.sendNumbers(); } }; CompletableFuture testFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(numberSupplier).whenComplete(biConsumer); } } class SupplyNumbers { public static Integer sendNumbers(){ return 25; // just for working sake its not correct. } } 

以上的事情很好。 但是sendNumbers也可以在我的情况下抛出一个检查过的exception,例如:

 class SupplyNumbers { public static Integer sendNumbers() throws Exception { return 25; // just for working sake its not correct. } } 

现在我想在我的biConsumer处理这个exception。 这将有助于我在单个函数( biConsumer )中处理结果以及exception(如果有)。

有任何想法吗? 我可以在这里或其他任何地方使用CompletableFuture.exceptionally(fn)吗?

当您想要处理已检查的exception时,使用标准function接口的工厂方法没有帮助。 当您将代码捕获到lambda表达式中时,您遇到的问题是catch子句需要CompletableFuture实例来设置exception,而工厂方法需要Supplier ,鸡蛋和鸡蛋。

您可以使用类的实例字段在创建后允许变异,但最终,生成的代码不是干净的,而且比基于Executor的直接解决方案更复杂。 CompletableFuture的文档说:

  • 使用ForkJoinPool.commonPool()执行所有没有显式Executor参数的异步方法…

因此,您知道以下代码将直接处理已检查的exception时显示CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(Supplier)的标准行为:

 CompletableFuture f=new CompletableFuture<>(); ForkJoinPool.commonPool().submit(()-> { try { f.complete(SupplyNumbers.sendNumbers()); } catch(Exception ex) { f.completeExceptionally(ex); } }); 

文档还说:

…为了简化监视,调试和跟踪,所有生成的异步任务都是标记接口CompletableFuture.AsynchronousCompletionTask实例。

如果您希望遵循此约定以使解决方案更像原始的supplyAsync方法,请将代码更改为:

 CompletableFuture f=new CompletableFuture<>(); ForkJoinPool.commonPool().submit( (Runnable&CompletableFuture.AsynchronousCompletionTask)()-> { try { f.complete(SupplyNumbers.sendNumbers()); } catch(Exception ex) { f.completeExceptionally(ex); } }); 

您已经在y捕获了exception。 也许你没有看到它,因为在CompletableFuture有机会完成之前, main退出了?

下面的代码按预期打印“null”和“Hello”:

 public static void main(String args[]) throws InterruptedException { TestCompletableFuture testF = new TestCompletableFuture(); testF.start(); Thread.sleep(1000); //wait for the CompletableFuture to complete } public static class TestCompletableFuture { BiConsumer biConsumer = (x, y) -> { System.out.println(x); System.out.println(y); }; public void start() { CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(SupplyNumbers::sendNumbers) .whenComplete(biConsumer); } } static class SupplyNumbers { public static Integer sendNumbers() { throw new RuntimeException("Hello"); } } 

我不太确定你想要实现的目标。 如果您的供应商抛出exception,当您调用testFuture .get()您将获得由供应商抛出的任何exception引起的java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException ,您可以通过在ExecutionException上调用getCause()来检索。

或者,正如您所提到的,您可以在CompletableFuture使用exceptionally 。 这段代码:

 public class TestCompletableFuture { private static BiConsumer biConsumer = (x,y) -> { System.out.println(x); System.out.println(y); }; public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { Supplier numberSupplier = () -> { throw new RuntimeException(); // or return integer }; CompletableFuture testFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(numberSupplier) .whenComplete(biConsumer) .exceptionally(exception -> 7); System.out.println("result = " + testFuture.get()); } } 

打印此结果:

 null java.util.concurrent.CompletionException: java.lang.RuntimeException result = 7 

编辑:

如果您已检查exception,则只需添加try-catch即可。

原始代码:

 Supplier numberSupplier = new Supplier() { @Override public Integer get() { return SupplyNumbers.sendNumbers(); } }; 

修改后的代码

 Supplier numberSupplier = new Supplier() { @Override public Integer get() { try { return SupplyNumbers.sendNumbers(); } catch (Excetpion e) { throw new RuntimeExcetpion(e); } } }; 

也许您可以使用新的Object来包装整数和错误,如下所示:

 public class Result { private Integer integer; private Exception exception; // getter setter } 

接着:

 public void start(){ Supplier numberSupplier = new Supplier() { @Override public Result get() { Result r = new Result(); try { r.setInteger(SupplyNumbers.sendNumbers()); } catch (Exception e){ r.setException(e); } return r; } }; CompletableFuture testFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(numberSupplier).whenComplete(biConsumer); } 

使用completeExceptionally()时,在CompletableFutureexception处理需要考虑的另一点是, handle()whenComplete()可以使用确切的exception,但在调用join()或转发到的时它将被包装在CompletionException中任何下游阶段。

因此,应用于下游阶段的handle()exceptionally()将看到CompletionException而不是原始的,并且必须查看其原因以找到原始exception。

此外,任何操作(包括supplyAsync() )抛出的任何RuntimeException也包含在CompletionException ,除非它已经是CompletionException

考虑到这一点,最好在安全方面进行播放并让exception处理程序解包CompletionException

如果你这样做,就没有必要在CompletableFuture上设置确切的(已检查的)exception,并且直接在CompletionException包装已检查的exception要简单得多:

 Supplier numberSupplier = () -> { try { return SupplyNumbers.sendNumbers(); } catch (Exception e) { throw new CompletionException(e); } }; 

为了将这种方法与Holger的方法进行比较,我使用2个解决方案调整了代码( simpleWrap()如上所示, customWrap()是Holger的代码):

 public class TestCompletableFuture { public static void main(String args[]) { TestCompletableFuture testF = new TestCompletableFuture(); System.out.println("Simple wrap"); testF.handle(testF.simpleWrap()); System.out.println("Custom wrap"); testF.handle(testF.customWrap()); } private void handle(CompletableFuture future) { future.whenComplete((x1, y) -> { System.out.println("Before thenApply(): " + y); }); future.thenApply(x -> x).whenComplete((x1, y) -> { System.out.println("After thenApply(): " + y); }); try { future.join(); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Join threw " + e); } try { future.get(); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Get threw " + e); } } public CompletableFuture simpleWrap() { Supplier numberSupplier = () -> { try { return SupplyNumbers.sendNumbers(); } catch (Exception e) { throw new CompletionException(e); } }; return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(numberSupplier); } public CompletableFuture customWrap() { CompletableFuture f = new CompletableFuture<>(); ForkJoinPool.commonPool().submit( (Runnable & CompletableFuture.AsynchronousCompletionTask) () -> { try { f.complete(SupplyNumbers.sendNumbers()); } catch (Exception ex) { f.completeExceptionally(ex); } }); return f; } } class SupplyNumbers { public static Integer sendNumbers() throws Exception { throw new Exception("test"); // just for working sake its not correct. } } 

输出:

 Simple wrap After thenApply(): java.util.concurrent.CompletionException: java.lang.Exception: test Before thenApply(): java.util.concurrent.CompletionException: java.lang.Exception: test Join threw java.util.concurrent.CompletionException: java.lang.Exception: test Get threw java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: java.lang.Exception: test Custom wrap After thenApply(): java.util.concurrent.CompletionException: java.lang.Exception: test Before thenApply(): java.lang.Exception: test Join threw java.util.concurrent.CompletionException: java.lang.Exception: test Get threw java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: java.lang.Exception: test 

正如您将注意到的,唯一的区别是thenApply()customWrap()情况下的customWrap()之前看到原始exception。 在thenApply() ,在所有其他情况下,原始exception被包装。

最令人惊讶的是get()将在“Simple wrap”情况下解包CompletionException ,并用ExecutionException替换它。