为什么本机String getBytes方法比自定义实现的getBytesFast慢？
运行以下代码时，Java String的本机方法getBytes（）的执行似乎比自定义getBytesFast（）实现慢 。 您可以使用Arrays.equals(str.getBytes(), getBytesFast(str))来validation两个字节数组是否相等。
getBytesFast实现是此编程技巧文章（1997）中包含的实现的修改版本： http ： //java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/Programming/Performance/
我正在寻找一个记录良好的答案，解释为什么本机实现比自定义实现慢。
package com.test; public class Performance { public static void main(String args[]) { final String str = "This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test! This is a performance test!"; long startTime_1 = System.nanoTime(); str.getBytes(); System.out.println(System.nanoTime() - startTime_1); long startTime_2 = System.nanoTime(); getBytesFast(str); System.out.println(System.nanoTime() - startTime_2); } private static byte[] getBytesFast(String str) { final char buffer[] = new char[str.length()]; final int length = str.length(); str.getChars(0, length, buffer, 0); final byte b[] = new byte[length]; for (int j = 0; j < length; j++) b[j] = (byte) buffer[j]; return b; } }
编辑：
Caliper基准测试结果
谢谢
String.getBytes考虑了系统的默认字符集。 您的实现采用ISO-8859-1 。
String.getBytes最终最终调用此方法。 ce是一个CharsetEncoder 。
byte[] encode(char[] ca, int off, int len) { int en = scale(len, ce.maxBytesPerChar()); byte[] ba = new byte[en]; if (len == 0) return ba; if (ce instanceof ArrayEncoder) { int blen = ((ArrayEncoder)ce).encode(ca, off, len, ba); return safeTrim(ba, blen, cs, isTrusted); } else { ce.reset(); ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.wrap(ba); CharBuffer cb = CharBuffer.wrap(ca, off, len); try { CoderResult cr = ce.encode(cb, bb, true); if (!cr.isUnderflow()) cr.throwException(); cr = ce.flush(bb); if (!cr.isUnderflow()) cr.throwException(); } catch (CharacterCodingException x) { // Substitution is always enabled, // so this shouldn't happen throw new Error(x); } return safeTrim(ba, bb.position(), cs, isTrusted); } } } private static int scale(int len, float expansionFactor) { // We need to perform double, not float, arithmetic; otherwise // we lose low order bits when len is larger than 2**24. return (int)(len * (double)expansionFactor); } private static char[] safeTrim(char[] ca, int len, Charset cs, boolean isTrusted) { if (len == ca.length && (isTrusted || System.getSecurityManager() == null)) return ca; else return Arrays.copyOf(ca, len); }
使用CharsetEncoder 会涉及更大程度的复杂性，这可能会导致您看到的执行时间变慢。
根据[文档]，Java中的char类型是16位Unicode字符，而byte类型是8位有符号整数。 这意味着，在代码中进行每个char to- byte转换时， 您将丢弃一半的字符数据。
关于Character和Byte Streams的Java教程有一个很好的使用日语汉字的小例子字符串：
String jaString = new String("\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u6587\u5b57\u5217");
对于该字符串中的每个字符，您的快速转换方法将丢弃信息的第一个字节（例如， \u65e5的65 ）。 您的链接还特别提到String.getBytes()运行速度要慢几倍“因为前者确实纠正了字节到字符的转换， 这涉及每个字符的函数调用。 ”
如果您完全忽略字符编码并丢弃每个char的高位字节，那么您将获得一点加速。 您只需要记住，此方法仅适用于某些字符编码，并且可能会丢失数据。
这可能是因为String.getBytes()使用或委托给Charset（JVM的当前默认值），而你的“快速”实现只是硬编码的ISO-8859-1字符集。
（注意：我没有validation你的结果，我只是在这里说明我的假设。关于微基准的评论在这里非常重要，而且肯定比我对你的问题的答案更有价值:)