Java GridBagLayout自动构建
我使用GridBagLayout和GridBagConstraints设计了一个GUI。 它包含可变数量的行，每行包含一些可能的列布局。 为了测试代码，我构建了具有不同颜色的面板GUI，用于说明每行和每列中所有单元格的位置和resize的行为。 这个测试GUI工作正常，但现在我需要自动化它的构造。 具体来说，我需要将行作为三种不同类型之一。 如果您运行下面的代码并查看生成的GUI，您可以看到row1是一种类型，行2,6和7是另一种类型，而行3,4和5是第三种类型。 我需要将这三种类型的每一行封装在自己的类中。 更重要的是，我需要我的代码能够创建第三种类型的可变数量的行（在示例中由行3,4和5说明）。 （这是用于数据分析软件。面板将加载数据视图和工具来操纵数据视图。）
当我尝试将行封装到自己的类中时，GUI看起来应该看起来不应该看起来。 下面的测试代码以它应该看起来的方式生成GUI布局。 任何人都可以告诉我如何更改此代码，以便它具有上面第一段中描述的function？
您可以将我的测试代码粘贴到您的IDE中，以使其立即运行。 测试代码分为两个单独的文件，如下所示：
GridBagLayoutDemo.java的代码是：
import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.JFrame; public class GridBagLayoutDemo { final static boolean RIGHT_TO_LEFT = false; public static void addComponentsToPane(Container pane) { if (RIGHT_TO_LEFT) {pane.setComponentOrientation(ComponentOrientation.RIGHT_TO_LEFT);} pane.setLayout(new GridBagLayout()); // top row (fill, gridx, gridy, gridwidth 1, weightx 0, weighty 0, ipady 0) TestPanel panelr1c1 = new TestPanel(Color.black); GridBagConstraints constraint_r1c1 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.NONE,0,0,1,0,0,0); pane.add(panelr1c1,constraint_r1c1); TestPanel panelr1c2 = new TestPanel(Color.blue); GridBagConstraints constraint_r1c2 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL,1,0,1,0.8,0,0); pane.add(panelr1c2,constraint_r1c2); TestPanel panelr1c2a = new TestPanel(Color.green); GridBagConstraints constraint_r1c2a = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL,2,0,1,0.8,0,0); pane.add(panelr1c2a,constraint_r1c2a); TestPanel panelr1c3 = new TestPanel(Color.red); GridBagConstraints constraint_r1c3 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.NONE,3,0,1,0,0,0); pane.add(panelr1c3,constraint_r1c3); TestPanel panelr1c4 = new TestPanel(Color.blue); GridBagConstraints constraint_r1c4 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.NONE,4,0,1,0,0,0); pane.add(panelr1c4,constraint_r1c4); // second row (fill, gridx, gridy, gridwidth 1, weightx 0, weighty 0, ipady 0) TestPanel panelr2c1 = new TestPanel(Color.magenta); GridBagConstraints constraint_r2c1 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.NONE,0,1,1,0,0,0); pane.add(panelr2c1,constraint_r2c1); TestPanel panelr2c2 = new TestPanel(Color.pink); GridBagConstraints constraint_r2c2 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL,1,1,2,1.0,0,0); pane.add(panelr2c2,constraint_r2c2); TestPanel panelr2c3 = new TestPanel(Color.black); GridBagConstraints constraint_r2c3 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.NONE,3,1,1,0,0,0); pane.add(panelr2c3,constraint_r2c3); TestPanel panelr2c4 = new TestPanel(Color.pink); GridBagConstraints constraint_r2c4 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.NONE,4,1,1,0,0,0); pane.add(panelr2c4,constraint_r2c4); // third row (fill, gridx, gridy, gridwidth 1, weightx 0, weighty 0, ipady 0) TestPanel panelr3c1 = new TestPanel(Color.gray); GridBagConstraints constraint_r3c1 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL,0,2,1,0,0.5,40); pane.add(panelr3c1,constraint_r3c1); TestPanel panelr3c2 = new TestPanel(Color.orange); GridBagConstraints constraint_r3c2 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.BOTH,1,2,2,1.0,0.5,40); pane.add(panelr3c2,constraint_r3c2); TestPanel panelr3c3 = new TestPanel(Color.red); GridBagConstraints constraint_r3c3 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL,3,2,1,0,0.5,40); pane.add(panelr3c3,constraint_r3c3); TestPanel panelr3c4 = new TestPanel(Color.orange); GridBagConstraints constraint_r3c4 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL,4,2,1,0,0.5,40); pane.add(panelr3c4,constraint_r3c4); // fourth row (fill, gridx, gridy, gridwidth 1, weightx 0, weighty 0, ipady 0) TestPanel panelr4c1 = new TestPanel(Color.black); GridBagConstraints constraint_r4c1 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL,0,3,1,0,0.5,40); pane.add(panelr4c1,constraint_r4c1); TestPanel panelr4c2 = new TestPanel(Color.white); GridBagConstraints constraint_r4c2 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.BOTH,1,3,2,1.0,0.5,40); pane.add(panelr4c2,constraint_r4c2); TestPanel panelr4c3 = new TestPanel(Color.green); GridBagConstraints constraint_r4c3 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL,3,3,1,0,0.5,40); pane.add(panelr4c3,constraint_r4c3); TestPanel panelr4c4 = new TestPanel(Color.blue); GridBagConstraints constraint_r4c4 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL,4,3,1,0,0.5,40); pane.add(panelr4c4,constraint_r4c4); // fifth row (fill, gridx, gridy, gridwidth 1, weightx 0, weighty 0, ipady 0) TestPanel panelr5c1 = new TestPanel(Color.darkGray); GridBagConstraints constraint_r5c1 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL,0,4,1,0,0.5,40); pane.add(panelr5c1,constraint_r5c1); TestPanel panelr5c2 = new TestPanel(Color.yellow); GridBagConstraints constraint_r5c2 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.BOTH,1,4,2,1.0,0.5,40); pane.add(panelr5c2,constraint_r5c2); TestPanel panelr5c3 = new TestPanel(Color.white); GridBagConstraints constraint_r5c3 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL,3,4,1,0,0.5,40); pane.add(panelr5c3,constraint_r5c3); TestPanel panelr5c4 = new TestPanel(Color.orange); GridBagConstraints constraint_r5c4 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL,4,4,1,0,0.5,40); pane.add(panelr5c4,constraint_r5c4); // sixth row (fill, gridx, gridy, gridwidth 1, weightx 0, weighty 0, ipady 0) TestPanel panelr6c1 = new TestPanel(Color.green); GridBagConstraints constraint_r6c1 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.NONE,0,5,1,0,0,0); pane.add(panelr6c1,constraint_r6c1); TestPanel panelr6c2 = new TestPanel(Color.blue); GridBagConstraints constraint_r6c2 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL,1,5,2,1.0,0,0); pane.add(panelr6c2,constraint_r6c2); TestPanel panelr6c3 = new TestPanel(Color.red); GridBagConstraints constraint_r6c3 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.NONE,3,5,1,0,0,0); pane.add(panelr6c3,constraint_r6c3); TestPanel panelr6c4 = new TestPanel(Color.black); GridBagConstraints constraint_r6c4 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.NONE,4,5,1,0,0,0); pane.add(panelr6c4,constraint_r6c4); // seventh row (fill, gridx, gridy, gridwidth 1, weightx 0, weighty 0, ipady 0) TestPanel panelr7c1 = new TestPanel(Color.darkGray); GridBagConstraints constraint_r7c1 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.NONE,0,6,1,0,0,0); pane.add(panelr7c1,constraint_r7c1); TestPanel panelr7c2 = new TestPanel(Color.white); GridBagConstraints constraint_r7c2 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL,1,6,2,1.0,0,0); pane.add(panelr7c2,constraint_r7c2); TestPanel panelr7c3 = new TestPanel(Color.yellow); GridBagConstraints constraint_r7c3 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.NONE,3,6,1,0,0,0); pane.add(panelr7c3,constraint_r7c3); TestPanel panelr7c4 = new TestPanel(Color.green); GridBagConstraints constraint_r7c4 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.NONE,4,6,1,0,0,0); pane.add(panelr7c4,constraint_r7c4); } // Create the GUI and show it. For thread safety, this method should be invoked from the event-dispatching thread. private static void createAndShowGUI() { //Create and set up the window. JFrame frame = new JFrame("GridBagConstraint Practice"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); //Set up the content pane. addComponentsToPane(frame.getContentPane()); //Display the window. frame.pack(); frame.setVisible(true); } public static void main(String[] args) { //Schedule a job for the event-dispatching thread: creating and showing this application's GUI. javax.swing.SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {public void run() {createAndShowGUI();}}); } private static GridBagConstraints getGridBagConstraints(int fill, int gridx, int gridy, int gridwidth, double weightx, double weighty, int ipady){ GridBagConstraints myGridBagConstraints = new GridBagConstraints(); myGridBagConstraints.fill=fill; myGridBagConstraints.gridx=gridx; myGridBagConstraints.gridy=gridy; myGridBagConstraints.gridwidth=gridwidth; myGridBagConstraints.weightx=weightx; myGridBagConstraints.weighty=weighty; myGridBagConstraints.ipady=ipady; return myGridBagConstraints; } } TestPanel.java的代码是：
import java.awt.Color; import javax.swing.JPanel; public class TestPanel extends JPanel { public TestPanel (Color myColor){this.setBackground(myColor);} }
Swing布局的规则1： 无论你做什么，都不要使用GridBagLayout 。 GridBagLayout在1998年很好。它的设计有问题，它有缺陷，而且还没有进化。 代码非常冗长，难以编写，难以理解且难以维护。
我推荐MigLayout ，它是我见过的最通用，最直观的布局管理器。 看看MigLayout网站上的快速入门指南，它比GridBagLayout要困难得多，而且要强大得多。 以下是您在MigLayout中的示例，我向您展示了如何重构行类型：
import net.miginfocom.swing.MigLayout; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class GridBagLayoutDemo { final static boolean RIGHT_TO_LEFT = false; public static void addComponentsToPane(Container pane) { if (RIGHT_TO_LEFT) { pane.setComponentOrientation(ComponentOrientation.RIGHT_TO_LEFT); } pane.setLayout(new MigLayout("insets 0, gap 0, wrap", "[][fill, grow][fill, grow][][]", "[fill]")); addType1(pane, Color.BLACK, Color.BLUE, Color.GREEN, Color.RED, Color.BLUE); addType2(pane, Color.MAGENTA, Color.PINK, Color.BLACK, Color.PINK); addType3(pane, Color.GRAY, Color.ORANGE, Color.RED, Color.ORANGE); addType3(pane, Color.BLACK, Color.WHITE, Color.GREEN, Color.BLUE); addType3(pane, Color.DARK_GRAY, Color.YELLOW, Color.WHITE, Color.ORANGE); addType2(pane, Color.GREEN, Color.BLUE, Color.RED, Color.BLACK); addType2(pane, Color.DARK_GRAY, Color.WHITE, Color.YELLOW, Color.GREEN); } private static void addType1(Container pane, Color c1, Color c2, Color c3, Color c4, Color c5) { pane.add(new TestPanel(c1)); pane.add(new TestPanel(c2)); pane.add(new TestPanel(c3)); pane.add(new TestPanel(c4)); pane.add(new TestPanel(c5)); } private static void addType2(Container pane, Color c1, Color c2, Color c3, Color c4) { pane.add(new TestPanel(c1)); pane.add(new TestPanel(c2), "spanx 2"); pane.add(new TestPanel(c3)); pane.add(new TestPanel(c4)); } private static void addType3(Container pane, Color c1, Color c2, Color c3, Color c4) { pane.add(new TestPanel(c1)); pane.add(new TestPanel(c2), "spanx 2, pushy, hmin pref+40"); pane.add(new TestPanel(c3)); pane.add(new TestPanel(c4)); } private static void createAndShowGUI() { JFrame frame = new JFrame("MigLayout Practice"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); addComponentsToPane(frame.getContentPane()); frame.pack(); frame.setVisible(true); } public static void main(String[] args) { SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { createAndShowGUI(); } }); } } class TestPanel extends JPanel { public TestPanel(Color myColor) { this.setBackground(myColor); } }
这会产生与您的示例完全相同的布局。 可能你想要hmin 40而不是hmin pref+40 ，后者产生与在GridBagConstraints中设置ipady = 40相同的结果。
请使用Color类中的大写常量，实际上应该弃用小写常量。
对于任何想知道这种布局是什么样的人来说，这里是：
