Java程序为音频文件创建PNG波形
如何使用Java将Wav文件转换为PNG波形图像文件？
java MyProgram.class [path to wav file] [path where to write png file] 预期成绩：
保存在指定路径中的Png是传入的wav文件的波形。
下面是一个java类，它将执行此操作。 这里有一些我很难编码的参数，比如图像的宽度，图像的高度，图像的背景颜色以及更多的东西。 如果你想把它们拿出去，你可以。
import java.awt.BasicStroke; import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Font; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.font.FontRenderContext; import java.awt.font.LineBreakMeasurer; import java.awt.font.TextAttribute; import java.awt.font.TextLayout; import java.awt.geom.Line2D; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.text.AttributedCharacterIterator; import java.text.AttributedString; import java.util.Vector; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import javax.sound.sampled.AudioFormat; import javax.sound.sampled.AudioInputStream; import javax.sound.sampled.AudioSystem; import javax.sound.sampled.DataLine; import javax.sound.sampled.LineUnavailableException; import javax.sound.sampled.TargetDataLine; import javax.sound.sampled.UnsupportedAudioFileException; public class AudioWaveformCreator { AudioInputStream audioInputStream; Vector lines = new Vector(); String errStr; Capture capture = new Capture(); double duration, seconds; File file; String fileName; SamplingGraph samplingGraph; String waveformFilename; Color imageBackgroundColor = new Color(20,20,20); public AudioWaveformCreator(String fileName, String waveformFilename) throws UnsupportedAudioFileException, IOException { file = new File(fileName); this.waveformFilename = waveformFilename; } public void createAudioInputStream() throws Exception { if (file != null && file.isFile()) { try { errStr = null; audioInputStream = AudioSystem.getAudioInputStream(file); fileName = file.getName(); long milliseconds = (long)((audioInputStream.getFrameLength() * 1000) / audioInputStream.getFormat().getFrameRate()); duration = milliseconds / 1000.0; samplingGraph = new SamplingGraph(); samplingGraph.createWaveForm(null); } catch (Exception ex) { reportStatus(ex.toString()); throw ex; } } else { reportStatus("Audio file required."); } } /** * Render a WaveForm. */ class SamplingGraph implements Runnable { private Thread thread; private Font font10 = new Font("serif", Font.PLAIN, 10); private Font font12 = new Font("serif", Font.PLAIN, 12); Color jfcBlue = new Color(000, 000, 255); Color pink = new Color(255, 175, 175); public SamplingGraph() { } public void createWaveForm(byte[] audioBytes) { lines.removeAllElements(); // clear the old vector AudioFormat format = audioInputStream.getFormat(); if (audioBytes == null) { try { audioBytes = new byte[ (int) (audioInputStream.getFrameLength() * format.getFrameSize())]; audioInputStream.read(audioBytes); } catch (Exception ex) { reportStatus(ex.getMessage()); return; } } int w = 500; int h = 200; int[] audioData = null; if (format.getSampleSizeInBits() == 16) { int nlengthInSamples = audioBytes.length / 2; audioData = new int[nlengthInSamples]; if (format.isBigEndian()) { for (int i = 0; i < nlengthInSamples; i++) { /* First byte is MSB (high order) */ int MSB = (int) audioBytes[2*i]; /* Second byte is LSB (low order) */ int LSB = (int) audioBytes[2*i+1]; audioData[i] = MSB << 8 | (255 & LSB); } } else { for (int i = 0; i < nlengthInSamples; i++) { /* First byte is LSB (low order) */ int LSB = (int) audioBytes[2*i]; /* Second byte is MSB (high order) */ int MSB = (int) audioBytes[2*i+1]; audioData[i] = MSB << 8 | (255 & LSB); } } } else if (format.getSampleSizeInBits() == 8) { int nlengthInSamples = audioBytes.length; audioData = new int[nlengthInSamples]; if (format.getEncoding().toString().startsWith("PCM_SIGN")) { for (int i = 0; i < audioBytes.length; i++) { audioData[i] = audioBytes[i]; } } else { for (int i = 0; i < audioBytes.length; i++) { audioData[i] = audioBytes[i] - 128; } } } int frames_per_pixel = audioBytes.length / format.getFrameSize()/w; byte my_byte = 0; double y_last = 0; int numChannels = format.getChannels(); for (double x = 0; x < w && audioData != null; x++) { int idx = (int) (frames_per_pixel * numChannels * x); if (format.getSampleSizeInBits() == 8) { my_byte = (byte) audioData[idx]; } else { my_byte = (byte) (128 * audioData[idx] / 32768 ); } double y_new = (double) (h * (128 - my_byte) / 256); lines.add(new Line2D.Double(x, y_last, x, y_new)); y_last = y_new; } saveToFile(waveformFilename); } public void saveToFile(String filename) { int w = 500; int h = 200; int INFOPAD = 15; BufferedImage bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); Graphics2D g2 = bufferedImage.createGraphics(); createSampleOnGraphicsContext(w, h, INFOPAD, g2); g2.dispose(); // Write generated image to a file try { // Save as PNG File file = new File(filename); ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "png", file); } catch (IOException e) { } } private void createSampleOnGraphicsContext(int w, int h, int INFOPAD, Graphics2D g2) { g2.setBackground(imageBackgroundColor); g2.clearRect(0, 0, w, h); g2.setColor(Color.white); g2.fillRect(0, h-INFOPAD, w, INFOPAD); if (errStr != null) { g2.setColor(jfcBlue); g2.setFont(new Font("serif", Font.BOLD, 18)); g2.drawString("ERROR", 5, 20); AttributedString as = new AttributedString(errStr); as.addAttribute(TextAttribute.FONT, font12, 0, errStr.length()); AttributedCharacterIterator aci = as.getIterator(); FontRenderContext frc = g2.getFontRenderContext(); LineBreakMeasurer lbm = new LineBreakMeasurer(aci, frc); float x = 5, y = 25; lbm.setPosition(0); while (lbm.getPosition() < errStr.length()) { TextLayout tl = lbm.nextLayout(wx-5); if (!tl.isLeftToRight()) { x = w - tl.getAdvance(); } tl.draw(g2, x, y += tl.getAscent()); y += tl.getDescent() + tl.getLeading(); } } else if (capture.thread != null) { g2.setColor(Color.black); g2.setFont(font12); //g2.drawString("Length: " + String.valueOf(seconds), 3, h-4); } else { g2.setColor(Color.black); g2.setFont(font12); //g2.drawString("File: " + fileName + " Length: " + String.valueOf(duration) + " Position: " + String.valueOf(seconds), 3, h-4); if (audioInputStream != null) { // .. render sampling graph .. g2.setColor(jfcBlue); for (int i = 1; i < lines.size(); i++) { g2.draw((Line2D) lines.get(i)); } // .. draw current position .. if (seconds != 0) { double loc = seconds/duration*w; g2.setColor(pink); g2.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3)); g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(loc, 0, loc, h-INFOPAD-2)); } } } } public void start() { thread = new Thread(this); thread.setName("SamplingGraph"); thread.start(); seconds = 0; } public void stop() { if (thread != null) { thread.interrupt(); } thread = null; } public void run() { seconds = 0; while (thread != null) { if ( (capture.line != null) && (capture.line.isActive()) ) { long milliseconds = (long)(capture.line.getMicrosecondPosition() / 1000); seconds = milliseconds / 1000.0; } try { thread.sleep(100); } catch (Exception e) { break; } while ((capture.line != null && !capture.line.isActive())) { try { thread.sleep(10); } catch (Exception e) { break; } } } seconds = 0; } } // End class SamplingGraph /** * Reads data from the input channel and writes to the output stream */ class Capture implements Runnable { TargetDataLine line; Thread thread; public void start() { errStr = null; thread = new Thread(this); thread.setName("Capture"); thread.start(); } public void stop() { thread = null; } private void shutDown(String message) { if ((errStr = message) != null && thread != null) { thread = null; samplingGraph.stop(); System.err.println(errStr); } } public void run() { duration = 0; audioInputStream = null; // define the required attributes for our line, // and make sure a compatible line is supported. AudioFormat format = audioInputStream.getFormat(); DataLine.Info info = new DataLine.Info(TargetDataLine.class, format); if (!AudioSystem.isLineSupported(info)) { shutDown("Line matching " + info + " not supported."); return; } // get and open the target data line for capture. try { line = (TargetDataLine) AudioSystem.getLine(info); line.open(format, line.getBufferSize()); } catch (LineUnavailableException ex) { shutDown("Unable to open the line: " + ex); return; } catch (SecurityException ex) { shutDown(ex.toString()); JavaSound.showInfoDialog(); return; } catch (Exception ex) { shutDown(ex.toString()); return; } // play back the captured audio data ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); int frameSizeInBytes = format.getFrameSize(); int bufferLengthInFrames = line.getBufferSize() / 8; int bufferLengthInBytes = bufferLengthInFrames * frameSizeInBytes; byte[] data = new byte[bufferLengthInBytes]; int numBytesRead; line.start(); while (thread != null) { if((numBytesRead = line.read(data, 0, bufferLengthInBytes)) == -1) { break; } out.write(data, 0, numBytesRead); } // we reached the end of the stream. stop and close the line. line.stop(); line.close(); line = null; // stop and close the output stream try { out.flush(); out.close(); } catch (IOException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } // load bytes into the audio input stream for playback byte audioBytes[] = out.toByteArray(); ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(audioBytes); audioInputStream = new AudioInputStream(bais, format, audioBytes.length / frameSizeInBytes); long milliseconds = (long)((audioInputStream.getFrameLength() * 1000) / format.getFrameRate()); duration = milliseconds / 1000.0; try { audioInputStream.reset(); } catch (Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); return; } samplingGraph.createWaveForm(audioBytes); } } // End class Capture public static void main(String [] args) throws Exception { if (args.length != 2) { printUsage(); System.exit(1); } AudioWaveformCreator awc = new AudioWaveformCreator(args[0], args[1]); awc.createAudioInputStream(); } private void reportStatus(String msg) { if ((errStr = msg) != null) { System.out.println(errStr); } } private static void printUsage() { System.out.println("AudioWaveformCreator usage: java AudioWaveformCreator.class [path to audio file for generating the image] [path to save waveform image to]"); } }
SO的白色BG遮挡了它，但是图像底部有一条“白色条带”，蓝色痕迹落入其中。 用于跟踪的样本是http://pscode.org/media/leftright.wav ，它是从下面的SSCCE热链接的。
代码变体
package test.t100.t001; import java.awt.BasicStroke; import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Font; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.font.FontRenderContext; import java.awt.font.LineBreakMeasurer; import java.awt.font.TextAttribute; import java.awt.font.TextLayout; import java.awt.geom.Line2D; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.URL; import java.text.AttributedCharacterIterator; import java.text.AttributedString; import java.util.Vector; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import javax.sound.sampled.AudioFormat; import javax.sound.sampled.AudioInputStream; import javax.sound.sampled.AudioSystem; import javax.sound.sampled.DataLine; import javax.sound.sampled.LineUnavailableException; import javax.sound.sampled.TargetDataLine; import javax.sound.sampled.UnsupportedAudioFileException; import javax.swing.ImageIcon; import javax.swing.JLabel; import javax.swing.JOptionPane; public class AudioWaveformCreator { AudioInputStream audioInputStream; Vector lines = new Vector(); String errStr; Capture capture = new Capture(); double duration, seconds; //File file; String fileName = "out.png"; SamplingGraph samplingGraph; String waveformFilename; Color imageBackgroundColor = new Color(20,20,20); public AudioWaveformCreator(URL url, String waveformFilename) throws Exception { if (url != null) { try { errStr = null; audioInputStream = AudioSystem.getAudioInputStream(url); long milliseconds = (long)((audioInputStream.getFrameLength() * 1000) / audioInputStream.getFormat().getFrameRate()); duration = milliseconds / 1000.0; samplingGraph = new SamplingGraph(); samplingGraph.createWaveForm(null); } catch (Exception ex) { reportStatus(ex.toString()); throw ex; } } else { reportStatus("Audio file required."); } } /** * Render a WaveForm. */ class SamplingGraph implements Runnable { private Thread thread; private Font font10 = new Font("serif", Font.PLAIN, 10); private Font font12 = new Font("serif", Font.PLAIN, 12); Color jfcBlue = new Color(000, 000, 255); Color pink = new Color(255, 175, 175); public SamplingGraph() { } public void createWaveForm(byte[] audioBytes) { lines.removeAllElements(); // clear the old vector AudioFormat format = audioInputStream.getFormat(); if (audioBytes == null) { try { audioBytes = new byte[ (int) (audioInputStream.getFrameLength() * format.getFrameSize())]; audioInputStream.read(audioBytes); } catch (Exception ex) { reportStatus(ex.getMessage()); return; } } int w = 500; int h = 200; int[] audioData = null; if (format.getSampleSizeInBits() == 16) { int nlengthInSamples = audioBytes.length / 2; audioData = new int[nlengthInSamples]; if (format.isBigEndian()) { for (int i = 0; i < nlengthInSamples; i++) { /* First byte is MSB (high order) */ int MSB = (int) audioBytes[2*i]; /* Second byte is LSB (low order) */ int LSB = (int) audioBytes[2*i+1]; audioData[i] = MSB << 8 | (255 & LSB); } } else { for (int i = 0; i < nlengthInSamples; i++) { /* First byte is LSB (low order) */ int LSB = (int) audioBytes[2*i]; /* Second byte is MSB (high order) */ int MSB = (int) audioBytes[2*i+1]; audioData[i] = MSB << 8 | (255 & LSB); } } } else if (format.getSampleSizeInBits() == 8) { int nlengthInSamples = audioBytes.length; audioData = new int[nlengthInSamples]; if (format.getEncoding().toString().startsWith("PCM_SIGN")) { for (int i = 0; i < audioBytes.length; i++) { audioData[i] = audioBytes[i]; } } else { for (int i = 0; i < audioBytes.length; i++) { audioData[i] = audioBytes[i] - 128; } } } int frames_per_pixel = audioBytes.length / format.getFrameSize()/w; byte my_byte = 0; double y_last = 0; int numChannels = format.getChannels(); for (double x = 0; x < w && audioData != null; x++) { int idx = (int) (frames_per_pixel * numChannels * x); if (format.getSampleSizeInBits() == 8) { my_byte = (byte) audioData[idx]; } else { my_byte = (byte) (128 * audioData[idx] / 32768 ); } double y_new = (double) (h * (128 - my_byte) / 256); lines.add(new Line2D.Double(x, y_last, x, y_new)); y_last = y_new; } saveToFile(); } public void saveToFile() { int w = 500; int h = 200; int INFOPAD = 15; BufferedImage bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); Graphics2D g2 = bufferedImage.createGraphics(); createSampleOnGraphicsContext(w, h, INFOPAD, g2); g2.dispose(); // Write generated image to a file try { // Save as PNG File file = new File(fileName); System.out.println(file.getAbsolutePath()); ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "png", file); JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, new JLabel(new ImageIcon(fileName))); } catch (IOException e) { } } private void createSampleOnGraphicsContext(int w, int h, int INFOPAD, Graphics2D g2) { g2.setBackground(imageBackgroundColor); g2.clearRect(0, 0, w, h); g2.setColor(Color.white); g2.fillRect(0, h-INFOPAD, w, INFOPAD); if (errStr != null) { g2.setColor(jfcBlue); g2.setFont(new Font("serif", Font.BOLD, 18)); g2.drawString("ERROR", 5, 20); AttributedString as = new AttributedString(errStr); as.addAttribute(TextAttribute.FONT, font12, 0, errStr.length()); AttributedCharacterIterator aci = as.getIterator(); FontRenderContext frc = g2.getFontRenderContext(); LineBreakMeasurer lbm = new LineBreakMeasurer(aci, frc); float x = 5, y = 25; lbm.setPosition(0); while (lbm.getPosition() < errStr.length()) { TextLayout tl = lbm.nextLayout(wx-5); if (!tl.isLeftToRight()) { x = w - tl.getAdvance(); } tl.draw(g2, x, y += tl.getAscent()); y += tl.getDescent() + tl.getLeading(); } } else if (capture.thread != null) { g2.setColor(Color.black); g2.setFont(font12); //g2.drawString("Length: " + String.valueOf(seconds), 3, h-4); } else { g2.setColor(Color.black); g2.setFont(font12); //g2.drawString("File: " + fileName + " Length: " + String.valueOf(duration) + " Position: " + String.valueOf(seconds), 3, h-4); if (audioInputStream != null) { // .. render sampling graph .. g2.setColor(jfcBlue); for (int i = 1; i < lines.size(); i++) { g2.draw((Line2D) lines.get(i)); } // .. draw current position .. if (seconds != 0) { double loc = seconds/duration*w; g2.setColor(pink); g2.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3)); g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(loc, 0, loc, h-INFOPAD-2)); } } } } public void start() { thread = new Thread(this); thread.setName("SamplingGraph"); thread.start(); seconds = 0; } public void stop() { if (thread != null) { thread.interrupt(); } thread = null; } public void run() { seconds = 0; while (thread != null) { if ( (capture.line != null) && (capture.line.isActive()) ) { long milliseconds = (long)(capture.line.getMicrosecondPosition() / 1000); seconds = milliseconds / 1000.0; } try { thread.sleep(100); } catch (Exception e) { break; } while ((capture.line != null && !capture.line.isActive())) { try { thread.sleep(10); } catch (Exception e) { break; } } } seconds = 0; } } // End class SamplingGraph /** * Reads data from the input channel and writes to the output stream */ class Capture implements Runnable { TargetDataLine line; Thread thread; public void start() { errStr = null; thread = new Thread(this); thread.setName("Capture"); thread.start(); } public void stop() { thread = null; } private void shutDown(String message) { if ((errStr = message) != null && thread != null) { thread = null; samplingGraph.stop(); System.err.println(errStr); } } public void run() { duration = 0; audioInputStream = null; // define the required attributes for our line, // and make sure a compatible line is supported. AudioFormat format = audioInputStream.getFormat(); DataLine.Info info = new DataLine.Info(TargetDataLine.class, format); if (!AudioSystem.isLineSupported(info)) { shutDown("Line matching " + info + " not supported."); return; } // get and open the target data line for capture. try { line = (TargetDataLine) AudioSystem.getLine(info); line.open(format, line.getBufferSize()); } catch (LineUnavailableException ex) { shutDown("Unable to open the line: " + ex); return; } catch (SecurityException ex) { shutDown(ex.toString()); //JavaSound.showInfoDialog(); return; } catch (Exception ex) { shutDown(ex.toString()); return; } // play back the captured audio data ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); int frameSizeInBytes = format.getFrameSize(); int bufferLengthInFrames = line.getBufferSize() / 8; int bufferLengthInBytes = bufferLengthInFrames * frameSizeInBytes; byte[] data = new byte[bufferLengthInBytes]; int numBytesRead; line.start(); while (thread != null) { if((numBytesRead = line.read(data, 0, bufferLengthInBytes)) == -1) { break; } out.write(data, 0, numBytesRead); } // we reached the end of the stream. stop and close the line. line.stop(); line.close(); line = null; // stop and close the output stream try { out.flush(); out.close(); } catch (IOException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } // load bytes into the audio input stream for playback byte audioBytes[] = out.toByteArray(); ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(audioBytes); audioInputStream = new AudioInputStream(bais, format, audioBytes.length / frameSizeInBytes); long milliseconds = (long)((audioInputStream.getFrameLength() * 1000) / format.getFrameRate()); duration = milliseconds / 1000.0; try { audioInputStream.reset(); } catch (Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); return; } samplingGraph.createWaveForm(audioBytes); } } // End class Capture public static void main(String [] args) throws Exception { //if (args.length != 2) { // printUsage(); //System.exit(1); //} URL url = new URL("http://pscode.org/media/leftright.wav"); AudioWaveformCreator awc = new AudioWaveformCreator(url, "out.png"); } private void reportStatus(String msg) { if ((errStr = msg) != null) { System.out.println(errStr); } } private static void printUsage() { System.out.println("AudioWaveformCreator usage: java AudioWaveformCreator.class [path to audio file for generating the image] [path to save waveform image to]"); } }