无头地在Ubuntu Server上运行Chromedriver

我在Java（1.8）中使用Selenium和Chromedriver进行一些自动网络爬行：

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "chromedriver.exe"); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("someurl.com"); 

我正在尝试迁移到Ubuntu 16.04服务器。 在服务器上，我安装了Ubuntu chromedriver版本2.37，chrome版本65.根据chromedriver文档，这些版本是兼容的。 我已经更改了指定Ubuntu中chromedriver位置的代码：

 System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "/usr/lib/local/chromedriver"); 

在运行我的程序之前，我启动了xvfb：

 Xvfb -ac :99 -screen 0 1280x1024x16 & export DISPLAY=:99 

然后执行我的程序：

 java -jar myprogram.jar 

以下内容将打印到控制台：

 Starting ChromeDriver 2.37.544315 (730aa6a5fdba159ac9f4c1e8cbc59bf1b5ce12b7) on port 10574 Only local connections are allowed. Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited abnormally (Driver info: chromedriver=2.37.544315 (730aa6a5fdba159ac9f4c1e8cbc59bf1b5ce12b7),platform=Linux 4.4.0-112-generic x86_64) (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information) Command duration or timeout: 60.35 seconds Build info: version: '3.11.0', revision: 'e59cfb3', time: '2018-03-11T20:33:15.31Z' System info: host: 'ubuntu-s-1vcpu-1gb-nyc1-01', ip: '127.0.1.1', os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '4.4.0-112-generic', java.version: '1.8.0_151' Driver info: driver.version: ChromeDriver at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.createThrowable(ErrorHandler.java:214) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.throwIfResponseFailed(ErrorHandler.java:166) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.JsonWireProtocolResponse.lambda$new$0(JsonWireProtocolResponse.java:53) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.JsonWireProtocolResponse.lambda$getResponseFunction$2(JsonWireProtocolResponse.java:91) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake.lambda$createSession$0(ProtocolHandshake.java:123) at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:193) at java.util.Spliterators$ArraySpliterator.tryAdvance(Spliterators.java:958) at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.forEachWithCancel(ReferencePipeline.java:126) at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyIntoWithCancel(AbstractPipeline.java:498) at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:485) at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:471) at java.util.stream.FindOps$FindOp.evaluateSequential(FindOps.java:152) at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234) at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.findFirst(ReferencePipeline.java:464) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake.createSession(ProtocolHandshake.java:126) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake.createSession(ProtocolHandshake.java:73) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.HttpCommandExecutor.execute(HttpCommandExecutor.java:136) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.execute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:83) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:545) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.startSession(RemoteWebDriver.java:209) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.(RemoteWebDriver.java:132) at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.(ChromeDriver.java:181) at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.(ChromeDriver.java:168) at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.(ChromeDriver.java:123) at RHio.Test.main(Test.java:39) 

Answer 1

这个错误确实让我们知道发生了什么错误：

 Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited abnormally 

当您尝试在无头 Ubuntu Server上启动Chromedriver和Chrome时 ，您必须按如下方式传递几个选项 ：

 from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.add_argument("--headless") options.add_argument("--no-sandbox") options.add_argument("start-maximized") options.add_argument("disable-infobars") options.add_argument("--disable-extensions") driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options, executable_path='/path/to/chromedriver') driver.get('http://google.com/') driver.quit() 

补充笔记

根据强制性要求和＃1341确保以下内容：

• Chromedriver位于/usr/local/bin/
• Chrome浏览器位于/usr/bin/google-chrome

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TL;博士

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